Unit 110 Work with Parents to Meet Their Children

Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1 ac1 The relationship between parents and their children is constantly adapting, beginning at birth. At birth is the point when the strongest attachment bonds form and parents strive to meet their baby’s every need. As the child gets older i. e. around two years old the relationship as parents begins to change they start educating their children through discipline etc. When setting boundaries for discipline rules are implemented.The rules provide children with the freedom to express themselves within certain boundaries enabling them to learn and develop effectively. Children of pre-school age through to adolescence are at the stage were parents begin teaching them about life to enable the children to have some understanding of the actions of others people, such as their friends, key worker’s and teachers. Through creating an understanding of boundaries children begin to realise that there will be consequences to their own actions.As children get older and enter adolescence the relationship with their parents continues to change. As children, get older children will become more involved decisions, giving them more responsibility and helping them to become progressively independent, while still supporting and protecting their children too. A relationship is thought to be interdependent when there are strong connections and shared power between two people. Parents’ behaviour, thoughts and emotions rely upon those of their children, their reactions matter to each other.Interdependent also means that parents and children have shared ambitions as well as separate ambitions that will clash with each other. Because of this, parents and their children will feel stronger emotions when they interact, work together a greater amount but also have more frequent arguments than people who do not have a close relationship. The parent-child relationship is important and individual. Par ents and children have past, present and future relationships that keep changing as the parent and the child develop and learn from each other.Outcome 1ac2 There are many factors which affect the relationship between parents and children through all developmental stages ranging from when a child is having tantrums or displaying unacceptable behaviour as this challenges parent’s ability to follow through with discipline and be consistent. As children get older and start to have friend that mum & dad doesn't like as they are a bad influence. Many conflicts from early stages of temper tantrums to bad choice of friends leading on to poor life choices such as drinking, smoking and other unhealthy habits.In most cases children want the best for their children and sometimes the hopes and aspirations they have are imposed on their children and this can lead to the children/ young people conflicting | | | | | | | | Outcome 1ac3 Explain key types of transitions that a child or young pe rson may experience Cross reference with Unit 022 Outcome 5 assessment criteria 1 and 2. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1ac4 Parent hood is a rollercoaster ride with highs and lows but the highs out weight the lows in my experience.The time you had to play with goes but the time you have with your children is priceless. The initial change will be coping with the late night feeds and lack of sleep making you exhausted. Babies schedule will completely overturn any sleeping pattern you had in the past although this can settle after a few months in some cases this is no consolation when you only have a few hours sleep a night. It is important for mothers to try and rest/sleep while baby is to catch up.It is often difficult for fathers to catch up on sleep and rest as they only have the two weeks paternity and are back to work so endure the disrupted sleeping patterns etc. A common change brought by parent hood often affecting mothers is postnata l depression which can have a huge effect on coping with baby and the complete change in routine and sleep deprivation and can occur during the first year. It is commonly believed that dropping levels of oestrogen and progesterone trigger the depression that many new mothers feel. One part of parent of parent hood which can become frustrating is that everyone becomes an expert.The problem with this is that you feel what you are doing is wrong as opinions often conflict with each other and in most cases many opinions are old wives tales. Thankfully in my experience my mother in-law is a midwife and she was able to tell us what current opinion and research suggest is best but explained all is at own discretion. On the other side negative feelings can arise towards the baby due to complete overwhelming experience and at this point having the ability and awareness that there are people to speak to in order to ease the load and help with this and that its common.The most common change is that occurs even with the most confident of people is a Fear and/or feelings of incompetence. New parents don't automatically know how to care for their babies. They should try not to worry if they feel like they don't know what they're doing. Parenting takes lots of practice. Parents learn as they go and can’t expect to perform perfectly from the beginning. Outcome 1ac5 Explain key factors in the process and function of bonding and attachment See table on appendix1Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1ac6 There are many key factors i the process of children’s development of a sense of self. Through the initial relationships with parents babies begin to develop a sense of who they are through a sense of ownership i. e. they are mine (Mum and Dad) Another factor in the early stages is the babys routine as it defines them as it is suited to their individual characteristics and parents follow it strictly.As baby develops into a small c hild the begin to make sounds which then become words which gives them a voice which is a big part in defining who they are as they can communicate more effectively Children from 3 to four years old have a greater ability to see themselves as individuals as they have more independance they also have the ability to be descriptive, rather than judgmental saying what they see i. e. that girl has pink hair mummy when standing beside the person in a shopping queue. When children reach school age they have managed to make it through transition’s the main one being starting school.At this age children can now be spoken to and communicate back with understanding so they have the ability to say what they feel and want as do their parents and carers. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 2 ac1 In my setting we support parents in understanding that both parents and children develop and change over time and have distinctive temperaments by organising re cording information in the daily communication books and generally speaking to the parents and carers regarding the child.We always try to reassure parents if there are any concerns and communicate any concerns mentioned by parents to our supervisor/ managers. In my setting the focus is mainly verbal so we chat to parents about their child’s temperament, if they are worried about their behaviour for example, ensuring them that each child is an individual and depending on the situation or what was going on at the time, would determine how their child behaves i. e. a new baby on the way.Outcome 2ac2 We support parents as partners in understanding the role of reciprocal responses and interaction in parenting, by working with them to share their children’s care and development. Any information that we gain and share from parents communications on arrival and departure of children, helps us in the way that we work and provide for children and their families within our setti ng. We often send out monthly updates, informing parents of what their children are doing that month.As I mentioned previously my setting uses verbal communication so any information we share or are told is recorded in a communication book to allow other staff to be aware of any things parents are requesting for their child to ensure parents and care staff are meeting the learning and developmental needs of children. Outcome2 ac3 When new children/ families enter our to setting, a child is often upset at the thought of their parents leaving them with us, which in turn upsets the parents too. We reassure parents that their child will be ok their child by ensuring them that they will be okay.An approach we often use is to encourage parents to make their goodbyes short, because if a child is upset, long goodbyes or a parent reluctant to leave, often makes a child more upset. In my setting we also say to parents that if they need some additional reassurance to wait outside and we can gi ve them a nod through the window when their child is distracted and settled. If a child continues to be upset every time they come into the setting and the parents are reluctant to leave them, then we suggest the parent stays with them until the child is happy to let their parent go as long as this is not for oo long of a period. For example – we have a little boy at our setting and when he 1st started, he would scream and cry, clinging to his mother and getting himself more upset when mum went to leave, which in turn upset mum too so she came back to him then tried to leave again. Mum stayed with him for a few minutes on bringing him into the room, until he was settled and happy, sitting far enough away, so as not to interfere with him playing or making friends, but close enough to reassure him that she was still there. (This reassured mum too, seeing him happy and playing) Now when he arrives he is happy for mum to leave.So in some cases, a gradual separation process works best, especially if a child has never been left with anyone else before. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome2 ac4 Challenging parents assertively is a very sensitive issue and being able to consider when it is appropriate to do so. A major challenge can be discrimination, understanding why discrimination occurs and managing negativity – shouting, inappropriate language – sexualised, swearing, slang, derogative remarks or comments, smoking/drinking onsite, not securing children in vehicles.These are times when it is important for someone to speak up in an appropriate manner usually a room supervisor/ unit head/ deputy or manager would handle these situations in my setting so as a nursery assistant we may only be required to say we need to speak to our superiors a moment. By alerting colleagues and maybe identify training opportunities that offer experience for dealing with conflict, diffusion and calming situations so that you avoid any possibility of feeling you ever need to confront someone who was behaving angrily and risk escalating an incident.When challenging parents we must always be professional and remain calm, be able to identify the reason why the parent is being challenged i. e. stereotypical thoughts being expressed. In my setting as I mentioned my superiors would handle these situations so they would initiate the discussion with the parent/carer as they would have the authority to speak more professionally with parents on issues. On the other side of the coin speaking to the person on the receiving end of the stereotypical comments from the parent/car e to show that the setting is supporting them and that they condone the negative attitude made towards them.Be aware that not all situations require involvement and consideration of the parents/carers situations must be taken into consideration i. e. a parent may be ill and the other parent maybe a care so devoting as much time to their child as they would like may not be possible so it would be wrong to put them in a position where they feel they are be judged. | | | | | | | Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac1 Identify key features of expected patterns of child development Appendix 1 cross referenced from Unit 022Outcome 3 ac2 The age group I have chosen to discuss is children aged 2-5 years as this is my favoured age group. By the time a child is 2 years old they are strong individuals, they know what they do and don’t want to do and are very keen to do things for themselves and be as independent as possible. At this age the children are physically, now walking confidently and are running and climbing too. When children reach 2 years old they become increasingly socially aware of other children and although they do not specifically ‘play together’, children of this age enjoy playing next to other children.Mildred Parten discusses play stages Repetition is strong à ¢â‚¬â€œ schema, children develop favourite games and activities played again and again. Their cognitive development now enables them to complete basic jigsaw puzzles and they enjoy building with bricks. Role play is also mentioned by Parten 2 year olds frequently chat out loud and their vocabulary now consists of around 200 words. By the time children are 2 ? independence is extremely important. They are anxious to do more things for themselves and often get frustrated when they find they can’t, which leads to temper tantrums developing.They often find it hard to understand why they need to wait for things and cannot always have what they want or to do what they want. Their physical skills are also developing well – they are now able to pedal a tricycle or push it along using their feet. Socially, children now start to play alongside – parallel, with other children, often copying what the other children are doing – mimicking or immitating. When children a re 3 years old, tantrums start to decrease, as instead of them showing they are not happy, they can now tell us.Their speech is now easily understood 3 year olds are now beginning to understand the needs of others and are now able to play socially with other children. They are able to cooperate and sharing becomes easier for them. Children also find it easier at this age to separate from their parents, as they understand that their parents will be coming back again. Physically, they can now walk upstairs using alternate feet. E. g. – when walking up the steps of a slide so require less support to carry out basic tasks.Children’s at this age cognitive skills are more developed and they are interested in mark-making, such as, drawing, painting, chalking etc†¦ and also enjoy looking at and having books read to them which is an activity the children in my setting love. By the time children reach the age of 4 years old their speech should be easily understood, even by adults who do not know them and the children enjoy talking and asking questions on important issues to them and general issues. My daughter is 4 and she enjoys spending time with other children and has strong connections with her friends.Independence is also developing well, with most children now able to feed themselves and get themselves dressed i. e. my daughter picks her outfit every morning she also loves art activities painting, colouring and gluing and sticking pictures so her motor skills are very good she is also being taught guitar so her fine motor skills and coordination will develop. In my experience children of this age has a good level of concentration when actively involved in an interesting activity. When children reach the age of 5, their physical development starts to slow down and they acquire more confidence and coordination.Their physical development skills now enable them to kick and control a ball, while their handwriting becomes easier to read and moves away from the stage of basic mark making. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac3The age group I work with range between the ages 16 months to 24. The initial strategy to support parents in meeting the needs of their children is to take onboard the knowledge and information they provide me with in relation to their child as and individual.Through identifying the activities children enjoy in my setting which are facilitating their development such as the use of shape sorters (awareness of shapes, motor skills and concentration). Through recording and communicating how their child has been and what they have been doing in the daily record book parents become aware of the activities that are helping with their children’s development i. e. a child recently in my setting went from getting really frustrated with jigsaw puzzles to sitting and putting them together.I mentioned to his mum before Christmas time that he enjoyed working at the jigsaws b ut got frustrated she agreed he did the same at home and got him some at Christmas. A month or two later he now enjoys jigsaws and works through two or three after each other. So through communicating his frustration with an activity he enjoyed his parent responded and his emotionally, intellectual development have now benefited. In my setting, we also Inviting feedback from parents – ask for their ideas, suggestions to involve them to involve them more to.Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac4 Explain and demonstrate strategies for meeting the support needs of parents of a specified age group of children. As I mentioned in the previous assessment criteria I work with children aged 16 to 24 months. The National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services establishes clear standards for promoting the health and well-being of children and young people and for providing high quality services which meet their needs. Their ideal is that they want to see: Parents or carers who are confident and able to bring up their children in a way that promotes positive health and development and emotional wellbeing. * Consistent information provided for parents or carers, which supports them in their role and is responsive to their needs. * Appropriate help and support provided for parents or carers who find it hard to access services and professionals. In my setting we are very open to parents and they feel comfortable talking to us regarding their children’s care, learning and development.An extract I found online provides a good list of good practice. Markers of Good Practice 1. Multi-agency working to support parenting is outlined in any local strategic and service plans. 2. Information and services to support parenting (by both mothers and fathers and carers) are available and coordinated through local multi-agency partnerships. 3. Support for all parents with pre-school children is available fro m early years settings including nurseries, Sure Start local programmes and Children's Centres. 4.Parents whose children are experiencing difficulties (for example, because of learning disabilities and/or difficulties or challenging behaviour) receive early support and evidence-based interventions; requirements for local provision are identified in strategic planning. 5. Collaborative arrangements are in place between services for adults and those for children and families to ensure effective joint assessment and support/treatment to enhance parent's parenting capacity and protect and promote the well-being and welfare of children. . Adults caring for looked after children have early, accessible, multidisciplinary support. 7. Primary Care Trusts and Local Authorities ensure that local parents are involved in the planning and delivery of services, with representation from all local communities and groups. In my setting we encourage and motivate parents through mentioning how well the ir children are behaving to show them that they are doing alright and coping as some parents may feel they aren’t coping.With the age group I work with we tell parents what their children are doing differently in our setting although we are not allowed to discuss any firsts such as walking or talking as parents may be upset to miss out on these special times. If parents ask for support we always strive to help them as best we can i. e. behaviour issues with a child in my room with biting kept recurring we explained that we asked him to apologise and hug the other child and play somewhere else in the room to remove him form the situation and the person.The parent was happy with this and said they did the same when he bit a cousin and through the consistence between the nursery and at home he finally stopped biting to the delight of his parents as they became embarrassed when his name was in the incident book for the same issue. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children ’s needs Outcome 3 ac4 In our setting we provide assistance with fees and provide discount for multiples of children, we also take child care vouchers to subsidise cost as nursery fees are not always manageable which can be a weight of parents minds.Again in relation to the children in my setting we have had a situation when a parent required support as they were worried their child wasn’t walking by 18 months and wasn’t showing any indications of trying, he then showed a curve on his back which his mother and father were really concerned about. On the parent mentioning this to us we spoke to our Deputy Manager who spoke to the child’s mother and gave the number of a good Chiropractor who could check the child out and give them advice.After an appointment they were reassured the child was just doing things in their own time and they were curling up rather than their back being in that shape which was happy news. In that situation the needs of the parents were met and they were very appreciative. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their children’s needs Outcome 4 ac1 In my setting I frequently discuss children’s progress and development i. e. the child is getting, more, steady walking or they are started to feed themselves more with minimal assistance. A recent example is of a new child in my setting who refuses to feed himself.Both myself and my colleague have tried putting food on the spoon and guiding him them putting food on the spoon and leaving it for him to try resulting in him just looking at us even with us encouraging his independence. In this situation we asked his mum if he fed himself at home and we were able to discover that his parents where trying him with different textures and he mainly uses his hands, we also found out that they give him yoghurts with a spoon and he tries to use it but its a bit messy. Having asked his parents we are now able to continue trying to encourage him with a spoon and this w ill reinforce his learning to use it at home.

A famous chemist †antoine lavoisier

To summarize Antoine Lavoisier’s contributions to modern chemistry in one sentence could most probably be â€Å"Lavoisier revolutionized chemistry with the balance†.It was him who, by systematic and intelligent usage of good balances, introduced chemistry as an exact science that from now on could turn from its mystic alchemical past to the well defined and modern approach we know today [1].Lavoisier was born in 1743 in Paris and during his lifetime could sample events like the beginning of industrial production of sulphuric acid (1747), the construction of the first lightning conductor by Benjamin Franklin (1752), the invention of cement and the birth of Mozart (both in 1756) or the American declaration of independence (1776) [2].During his entire life his main job was tax collector, however, and he performed his chemical research just in his spare time, where he very disciplined worked in his private chemical laboratory exactly from 6 to 8 am and from 7 to 10 pm each day.His young wife Marie Anne Paulze – who he married in 1771 when she was only 14 years old – helped him selfless and even learned English to enable him to discuss his ideas with the â€Å"great† researchers from the English speaking parts of the world Priestley, Jefferson and Franklin.Unfortunately, Lavoisier got more and more unpopular because of his tax collecting activities and finally was arrested and sentenced to death by Guillotine during the French Revolution [2]. A legend says that, when he was finally killed on May, 8th in 1794, he concluded his life with one last experiment by testing how many times he cold still blink his eyes once his head was cut off his body.Whether true or not, there are reports that he could blink 11 times [3]†¦ However, French mathematician Joseph Lagrange, who was present at Lavoisier’s decapitation commented this tragic event with the famous words â€Å"They only need a second to take his head, but a hundred yea rs might have to pass until a similar head will grow again† [2].Antoine Lavoisier’s contributions to chemistry are numerous and more than valuable. Already with his first published experiments – in 1764 he demonstrated that when he carefully heated gypsum and collected and weighed the released water, that this water was exactly the amount that was previously added to get the right consistence of gypsum – he could found a fundamental chemical principle that is valid until today.

Analysis Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis - Term Paper Example Donatello’s David had been created a century earlier. Presumably, the bronze sculpture of David was finished in the 1440s. While these sculptures belong to two different periods within the Renaissance period, portray the biblical hero king David in different light, are made of different material, and have many other differences, they are both sculptures of nude males, gave the same subject matter (David’s victory over Goliath), and display the features of the Renaissance art. My goal in this paper is to critically examine these two sculptures and find how each of them represents its style, time period, and the talent of its creator. Also, the paper will focus on similarities and differences between these two sculptures visually as well as in terms of their meaning. First, let us focus on the sculpture of David by Donatello. This is a bronze sculpture which represents a standing man who poses one of his feet on his enemy’s head presumably after a victorious fight. The man is a portrayal of a biblical character – King David, while the head under David’s foot is that of giant Goliath. David is depicted with a mysteriously smile. He is nude but wears a hat with evergreen laurel on top of it. He also wears boots and has a sword in his hand. If to refer to the Scriptures, the sword is that of Goliath. Interestingly, the helmet of Goliath’s head features a feather. It looks as though it was attached to the victor’s foot. David, Donatello, bronze, circa 1440s Just as its predecessor – Donatello’s marble sculpture of David completed at the very beginning of the 15th century – bronze David appeared to be among the first free-standing sculptures of nude men since the time of Graeco-Roman civilization. Moreover, David within Donatello’s authorship was remarkably natural. This was possible to achieve due to the recently developed technique of schiacciato. The latter was about carving in a rather lo w relief with the help of the mathematical perspective trick taught by Brunelleschi, a famous architect of that time. That technique helped create illusion of bigger depth (Moretti, 2010, p.32). David by Michelangelo portrays King David in nude. David is presented in a pose which is clearly serene and confident. It seems he is contemplating something important. Perhaps this is the fight that he is about to have with Goliath, a giant warrior of enormous physical strength. This is the most widespread version of the statue’s background. Other critics also say David may be portrayed thinking about his victory after he defeated Goliath. The meaning behind this statue is â€Å"aspiration toward freedom, justice, and good government† (Bussagli, 2000, p.48). David, Michelangelo, marble, 1501-1504. The differences between these two sculptures of David stem from the fact that they were created within different periods. Donatello (1386-1466) lived and worked in Early Renaissance whose borders with late Middle Ages with its Gothic sculpture and architecture were still blurred. In history, this period is known as Quattrocento. Frederick Hartt in his History of Italian Renaissance Art (2006) refers to Quattrocento as to the forefront of Italian Renaissance. It encompassed culture and artistic heritage of both Middle Ages and Early Renaissance and may be called a transition from the medieval period to Renaissance. Revolutionary by its clearly expressed individualism, which was a sign of dramatic changes in all spheres of human life (economic, social, as well as cultural), Quattrocento was characterized by integration of Greek and Roman classic representations into the arts. At the same time, the Quattrocento artworks differed from those of High Renaissance with their highly perfect forms, lines, and representations. As or Donatello, he was a

A Comparison of Different Software Methods Thesis

A Comparison of Different Software Methods - Thesis Example Businesses have grown over the years and web is an integral component of the business world. The global industry has seen the advantages of managing business, reaching out to customers in an interactive mode and selling products and services online through e-Commerce. Once the business logic is set, the web applications play a pivotal role in business decision making. For long the IT industry is building tools and testing has always been an integral part of the software development life cycle. Ralph Grove specified that though the purpose of testing is to ensure that web applications work correctly but the practical side is to identify the errors in it (Grove 218). Software development will have errors in it and identification and correction of the same is what is called debugging of the software. In earlier days, testing commenced only when the coding was complete but nowadays it is more an integral part and goes concurrently along with coding. Testing happens in various phases and planning needs to be done from the commencement of a web application. There needs to be prototypes developed as per the user specifications. The testers need to simulate the working environment of the users all across the globe; therefore compatibility plays an important role. They need to understand that there will not be any software or plug-in installed separately by the users and should be readily available for deployment of the web application. In this thesis, there will be five web application testing methods which shall be defined and elaborated. The theory will be illustrated and compared with the practical web application. Out of these five three will be chosen. There will be real time web applications chosen from public websites where a detailed theoretical and practical comparison made and the application of the chosen testing methods. This will give an insight to the researchers as to the practical problems faced by the developers and users if the application is not prop erly tested. Care needs to be taken on various fronts where problems need to be identified beforehand and measures taken to ensure smooth deployment and gradual up-gradation of the web application software.

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

History - Assignment Example The Palestinian partisans were funded and backed by the Arab neighbors. On May 1967, Nassar (Egypt's President) had the UN withdraw from Egypt. He then sent tanks and troops into the Sinai. Israel responded by moving troops as well. On June 5, 1967 Israel attacked the Egyptian air forces. With Israeli air planes protecting their troops and tanks, they easily took the Sinai. If the UN would not have stopped the war, Israel would have gone further into Egyptian territory. Israel also captured Jerusalem and Golan Heights during this war. Israel won the Six Day War. The Yom Kippur War led to Syria and Egypt to attack Israel again. This time after battles and negotiations, Israel gave back the Sinai and parts of other territory taken in the Six Day War. However this war lead to the Camp David Accords and led to Egypt recognizing Israel as a state. I.D. the following terms in paragraph format. Make sure you include ALL INFORMATION from the book: Do NOT just copy from the book. You must put these in your own words. (worth 5 points each) 1. Palestinian refugees Palestinian refugees are Arabs caught on Israeli land or in the Occupied Territories after the wars between Israel and their Arab neighbors. These individuals are waiting to be given citizenship by Israel or liberated by the country Israel took the land from.

Interview a supervisor or manger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview a supervisor or manger - Essay Example The organization has transformed and upgraded itself with the shifting paradigms of the society. The prime value of their bank which is thoroughly instilled in all workers is â€Å"Perform to succeed†. The team comprises of competent individuals who are specialists in their own areas hence through channeled teamwork we acquire the destined outcome. What are the three things you do which result in positive accomplishments for your organization? As a manager he believed that the three things which do wonders are: Teamwork which brings positive outcomes. Individually things are difficult to achieve but collectively the results are very positive. Check and balance so that no loopholes occurs whatsoever. Constant sessions with every team member personally to be aware of any shortcoming or issue that might hamper the progress. What factors do you consider while making a decision? He said that since he is the manager and has to look after an entire team therefore many times he has to make spontaneous decisions but one thing that is always on his mind while making a decision is how this decision would benefit the organization and alternative possible ways if it does not work out. Hence he has to interpret the positive and negative consequences before making any decision. How your position does contribute to the company’s goals, profits or level of productivity? Mr. ... Thus there is immense responsibility involved. If there is a minor error from his team then the consequences can be quite alarming for the organization thus he has to be very careful. What do you do for the development of your team? Mr. Jack informed me that his organization really cares about the growth and development of each employee thus constant training programs, workshops and international/local conferences and seminars are held and attended by them so that there is growth, learning and progress. What are your future aspirations? Mr. Jack was quite witty about this and said that he seeks a promotion but on a serious note he mentioned that he wants to excel within his area of expertise. The interview with Mr. Jack was a very exciting and enriching experience for me as it helped me to learn a lot and gave me an insight about professionalism. A manager is basically a person who not only has to be responsible for his work but he is also answerable for the entire therefore the task of Mr. Jack and all other managers is very daunting and requires physical and mental alertness. As a manager Mr. Jack at multiple times emphasized on teamwork. â€Å"People can work better and faster when they work together as a team.† (Gregory, 2013) He had great faith in his team as he knew without them growth is not possible and that’s what I learnt that progress is only possible when one works together effectively. There was a lot of devotion that was seen in Mr. Jack. He was extremely devoted to his work and that reflected positively through his overall personality. He was not only smart but also had an insight which is very important for a manager. Personally I evaluated that a manager is basically a multitasker. He has to look into different issues all at the same

Access and Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Access and Poverty - Essay Example e has access to such a tool is of course the fact that not everyone has been fortunate enough to have a good credit score so that they can apply for such an instrument. Whether buying food, buying gasoline, or personal items, the credit card was something that I saw as indispensible and something that allowed a great ease of purchase and security due to the fact that I was not required to carry around a large amount of cash on a daily basis (Michaelson 1). The second item that I took for granted and allowed a great deal of personal comfort and ease of life is that of my vehicle. Although living without a vehicle is becoming more and more of something that environmentalists push us towards, the fact remains that without one, we are somewhat stranded and unable to meet the many obligations that our model life engenders. Naturally, the fact of the matter is that not everyone is fortunate enough to have a vehicle and even many that do life day to day not knowing whether or not their vehicle will work when they turn the key. Due to the new ways in which I have viewed both of these amenities, they have made me aware of the fact of just how fortunate I am as well as the level of poverty and non-opportunity which affects so many different individual within my community. Michaelson, Jared. "Hitting The Century (X – Distressed) | Wexboy." Stockopedia PRO - Stock Research Reports, Stock Screening, Stock Valuation and Research Tools. N.p., 15  Jan.  2013. Web. 15  Feb.  2013.

Proposal for Aquisition of LifeCell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Proposal for Aquisition of LifeCell - Essay Example LifeCell Corporation deals in developing, processing, as well as marketing of tissue-based products which are used in reconstructive, urogynecologic and orthopedic surgical processes to restore soft tissue defect in America and worldwide. LifeCell's reconstructive products consist of AlloDerm used for plastic reconstruction, all-purpose surgical, burn up, and periodontal processes; in addition to Strattice, a porcine dermis which eliminates cells and lessens a constituent in the xenogeneic rejection reaction. LifeCell's orthopedic tissue restore products include GraftJacket for restoring damaged or insufficient integumental tissue in orthopedic surgical procedures. The company was incorporated in 1992 in the State of Delaware. (LifeCell Company, 2007) The company has a research and a development team which has ongoing research programs to develop new products required in the clinical applications and surgical applications to enlarge the company's product mix in the highly fast growing bio-surgery industry. (LifeCell Company, 2007) Sof... 2. GraftJacket; for orthopedic uses and lower end wounds 3. AlloCraft DBM; used for bone grafting processes 4. Repliform; used for urogynecologic surgical processes 5. Strattic; for specific plastic reconstruction and all-purpose surgical Processes The company has a research and a development team which has ongoing research programs to develop new products required in the clinical applications and surgical applications to enlarge the company's product mix in the highly fast growing bio-surgery industry. (LifeCell Company, 2007) Industry overview Soft tissue, for example dermis, blood vessels, nerve connective tissue and heart valve encloses an intricate, three-dimensional makeup which consists of manifold forms of elastin, proteoglycans, collagen several proteins as well as vessels (tissue matrix). As component of the human body's normal remodeling procedure, cells In a tissue constantly degrade during this process it replaces the tissue matrix. Nonetheless in the occasion of a large port of tissue matrix is lost or destroyed as a result of surgery or trauma, the human body cannot be able to regenerate that destroyed part this results in scar development. In such a case, surgeons encounter several treatment alternatives for repairing physiology and structure function, the alternatives includes using implants materials from the patient's body parts ("autograft") or created allograft tissue or using synthetic products. The company believes that the best alternative is the use of allograft or xenograft from the company which do not cause tissues matrices to undergo any damages. (Covell, 2006): Industry and market data Table 2, below, has estimated market information of the company's main products in the USA market. The

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Free Speech Essay In 1996 at Bonneville High school in Ogden, Utah a young foreign exchange student from Poland sat with her friend eating lunch. As she gazed upward she could see into the window of one of the history classes. To her horror, visible to the entire student body was displayed a Nazi flag. The flag was being displayed as part of a class on World War II and was displayed next to a Japanese flag, newspaper clippings, and other memorabilia to highlight certain aspects of that time period. After asking for the flag to be removed without avail, the student, Marta Daszkiewicz, wrote a letter to the local newspapers editorial section. In which she wrote â€Å"The swastika still evoked fears because the neo-Nazi movement is still alive in Germany. If you have Polish license plates, you can get beat up by neo-Nazis when you go into Germany, (Daszkiewicz, personal communication, February 15, 2012) A local newspaper at the time reported: [Karen] Miner said she was surprised to hear that Daszkiewicz, whose grandfather was killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau, felt the Nazi flag had no place on her classroom wall. â€Å"My father was one of the first Americans to go in D-Day, Miner said, adding that he helped liberate Paris and later some of the concentration camps where Nazis killed millions of Jews and members of other ethnic groups they deemed to be inferior.† (Associated Press 1996) At the school, teachers took sides, and because she was miles away from her parents and other means of support the young student felt ostracized. She felt like she had come to the land of the free and when she decided to speak her mind, she was shot down. (Daszkiewicz, personal communication, February 15, 2012) Karen Miner, the teacher, also felt her own freedoms had been brought under fire, and although she had been supported by her school and local school board, she certainly was not promoting Na zi ideology. (Associated Press 1996) What the student and the teacher had experienced here was a classic clash over when and if our freedom of speech should be censored. In either position; it is hard to know how we should respond. This was a balancing act with the teacher on one side representing the government, her students, and herself and the student on the other representing the individual. Both sides would probably describe their own freedom of expression to be the one that was threatened. And both have a reasonable claim to have their rights  being protected. In the United States of America, the right to freedom of speech has been held as one of this country’s highest values, as nationally recognized by the Constitution of the United States of America. Censorship of speech is a controversial subject matter, and will probably always be debated in the U.S. as long as this country exists. Balancing individual expression against the public’s welfare and safety is one of the most significant challenges of government. The passage and enforcement of unbalanced laws lead to suppression then revolt and an eventual disintegration of that society. Visual Aide The great balancing act is that even within the first amendment itself, there are often conflicts between the specific rights. And often Freedom of Speech is paired against not only the other rights within the 1st amendment, and also against the government’s role to protect the nation. Supreme court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said, I think that we should be eternally vigilant against attempts to check the expression of opinions that we loathe and believe to be fraught with death, unless they so imminently threaten immediate interference with the lawful and pressing purposes of the law that an immediate check is required to save the country. (Holmes, Abrams v. United States, 1919). Justice Holmes did not believe free speech should never be limited however. â€Å"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic. [] The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent† (Holmes, Schenck v. United States, 1919) When speech is limited even for the reasons stated by Justice Holmes and Mr. Cohen, consequences can arise that are so disagreeable that they outweigh the original intent. On January 18th, 2012, only short time ago, a massive internet protest ensued. Some of the largest and most used internet sites went dark for 24 hours, including Wikipedia and Reddit, to bring attention to the movement against the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA), two acts designed to protect owners of copyrights from the  possibility of intellectual robbery. Wikipedia, Google, and many others stated that while they understood the need to stop piracy of intellectual property, these bills went too far and began to censor ideas and knowledge. (Pepitone, 2012) It is only through this type of public discourse that the protections of speech and expression remain intact. On September 11th, 2001, one of the worst attacks in the history of the United States was perpetrated on our own soil. This act has lead to countless, laws and actions by the United States government. Among these is a very controversial act, known as the patriot act. This act has been argued by some to sacrifice our privileges of privacy and other rights for a little more security. Yet many believed our freedom of speech remained untouched. â€Å"Unlike World War I, for example, people were free to express their opposition to the â€Å"war on terror† without fear of being sentenced to ten years in prison†¦ In at least one significant area speech and association de emed to provide â€Å"material support† to terrorist groups our First Amendment rights are considerably less robust in the wake of 9/11 than they were before. Professor David Cole, a professor at Georgetown University Law Center explained â€Å"The â€Å"material support† law gives the executive the power to designate as a â€Å"foreign terrorist organization† any group that is foreign, has used or threatened to use a weapon against person or property, and whose activities undermine our â€Å"national defense, foreign relations, or economic interests.† (Cole, 2007) Cole further explains that the Supreme Court rulings of Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project uphold as constitutional the Bush and Obama administrations’ overly broad interpretation of that law and set dangerous precedents for speech rights in the future. The fear of further attacks by the enemies of the United States is not a reason to suppress our speech and expression. â€Å"Censorship,† according to Justice Holmes, â€Å"is an almost irresistible impulse when you know you are right† (Sunstein, p. 25). But letting the government swing toward suppression even in the face of adversity may at first help to protect a society but can eventually lead to much more complex and destructive problems. History has provided many examples of societies that used tactics to suppress ideas and expression. Examples of these groups are religions, governments, schools, and corporations. History has also shown  us that prolonged restriction of free speech leads to some sort of revolt. Known examples of revolts due to suppression are, the Lutheran and Calvinist Movements in Europe, the American Revolution, and Brown versus The Board of Education. (Heyman, 2010) A more modern, less dramatic, representation of the idea that censorship leads to revolt is known as â€Å"The Streisand Effect†. (Greenberg, 2007) The Phenomenon is named after singer Barbra Streisand and her failed attempt to suppress pictures of her home from being posted across the internet. In 2003 Kenneth Adelman posted aerial photos for an environmental survey. These photos included the singer’s Malibu beach house. Streisand responded to the pictures by suing Adelman. â€Å"Until the lawsuit, few people had spotted Streisands house, Adelman saysbut the lawsuit brought more than a million visitors to Adelmans Web site, he estimates. Streisands case was dismissed, and Adelmans photo was picked up by the Associated Press and reprinted in newspapers around the world.† (Greenberg, 2007) Yet based on history a suppressive government cannot sustain itself without making a switch to a more balanced approach to human rights, including free speech. In his book Did Plastic People of the Universe topple communism? Tom Stoppard shows the history of how suppression of Rock and Roll in Czechoslovakia eventually led to the 1989 Velvet Revolution. In 1976, after years of suppression by the Czechoslovakian Communist Party, The Plastic People of the Universe, a psychedelic rock and roll band were put on trial after attempting to stage a music festival that was not sanction by the government. (Stoppard, 2009) A diverse group of supporters, including playwrights, writers, professors and other Czech intellectuals, had attended the trial and gathered outside in the hallway. Among the supporters was avant-garde playwright Vaclav Havel who had met band members a week earlier and had been impressed with them. Havel left the trial feeling disgusted with the world and resolved to make a difference. (Stoppard, 2009) In the months that followed, these sympathizers gathered in solidarity with local hippies and rallied around the Plastic People. They dared to establish a human rights organization and released a statement of principles on  January 1, 1977, naming their organization after the charter, Charter 77. Havel said that the Plastics were defending lifes intrinsic desire to express itself freely, in its own authentic and sovereign way, which is as close to a perfect definition of both democracy and rock and roll as has ever been stated. Charter 77 evolved into a world-famous human rights petition that eventually landed Havel in jail, and was a precursor to the national revolution or â€Å"Velvet Revolution† that occurred 12 years later. (Stoppard, 2009) â€Å"The Velvet Revolution (Czech) or Gentle Revolution (Slovak) was a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that took place from November 17 to December 29, 1989. Dominated by student and other popular demonstrations against the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, it saw to the collapse of the partys control of the country, and the subsequent conversion from Czech Stalinism to capitalism.† (Radio Prague, 1997) The Constitution of the United States extends the rights of speech as part of the first amendment. However, within the same amendment the constitution also offers religion, press, and peaceable assembly. Within the same amendment the right can sometimes conflict with some or all of the other rights protected by the constitution. Balancing the rights of citizens with the demands of government is not a battle that will ever be won. Due to changes in the worlds ideas and cultures we must, as Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. suggested, be â€Å"Eternally Vigilant† (Holmes, Abrams v. United States, 1919) in protecting others free speech. Balancing individual expression against the general public’s safety is one of the most significant challenges of government. If we do not we must face the possibility of losing our own freedoms and may have to fight either through words or deeds to retain those rights. Bibliography: Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1995). The Collected Works of Justice Holmes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Radio Prague (1997) Radio Pragues History Online Virtual Exhibit!. http://archiv.radio.cz/history/history15.html Retrieved 2-16-2012 O’Brien, David M. (2010) Congress Shall Make No Law: The First Amendment, Unprotected Expression, and the Supreme Court. Lanham, Maryland: Bowman Littlefield Publishers, INC Heyman, Steven J. (2008) Free Speech and Human Dignity. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press Goldsmith, Edward (1971) Social disintegration: causes. London, England: Sphere Books Stoppard, Tom (2009) Did Plastic People of the Universe topple communism?. NY Times Online 12-19-2009. Retrieved 2-15-2012 Associated Press (1996) Polish Exchange Student Criticizes Nazi Display. Associated Press, Saturday, May 25 1996 http://www.deseretnews.com/article/491559/POLISH-EXCHANGE-STUDENT-CRITICIZES-NAZI-DISPLAY.html Greenberg, Andy (2007) The Streisand Effect. http://www.forbes.com/2007/05/10/streisand-digg-web-tech-cx_ag_0511streisand.html (2/15/2011) Norton, Rob (2008) Unintended Consequences. . The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved February 18, 2012 from the World Wide Web: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/UnintendedConsequences.html Pepitone, Julianne (2012) SOPA explained: What it is and why it matters. CNN Money Tech. Retrieved February 18, 2012 from the World Wide Web: http://money.cnn.com/2012/01/17/technology/sopa_explained/index.htm Finan, Christopher M. (2007) From the Palmer Raids to the Patriot Act. Boston, MA: Beacon Press Frontline (2006) The Memory of Tiananmen 1989. PBS Thomas, Andrew Peyton (2005) The People v. Harvard: Law How America’s Oldest Law School Turned Its Back on Free Speech. San Francisco, CA: Encounter Books Sunstein, C. (1993) Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech. NY: Free Press Cole, David (2011) Free Speech After 9/11: Why Advocating for Peace is Now a Crime. American Constitution Society. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from the World Wide Web: http://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/free-speech-after-911-why-advocating-for-peace-is-now-a-crime Kim, Jae-Young (2002) Sorting Out Deregulation: Protecting Free Speech and Internet Access in the United States, Germany, and Japan. New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC Kristoff, Nicholas D. (1989) A Reassessment of How Many Died In the Military Crackdown in Beijing. The New York Times. 21 June 1989 Abrams, Floyd (2005) Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. New York, NY: Viking Nunziato, Dawn C. (2009) Virtual Freedom: Net Neutrality and Free Speech in the Internet Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford Law Books Bernstein, David E. (2003) You Can’t Say That! : The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties from Antidiscrimination Laws. Washington, DC: Cato Institute Cohen, Henry Legislative Attorney (2009) Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service 7-5700 Daszkiewicz, Marta (2012) Personal Interview conducted by online chat on February 15, 2012. Poland. [emailprotected]

Keep Arts in Public Schools Essay Example for Free

Keep Arts in Public Schools Essay As I scroll through my Instagram feed I see various types of pictures: food, family, homework and a myriad of other subjects. One thing many of the people I see on Instagram do is take pictures in front of old, beat up homes on the east side of Detroit. Why? Well, they are not just beat up homes. They are part of The Heidelberg Project. The Heidelberg project is a live work of art that not only attempts to make beauty out of ruins, but revives Detroit in a way and also makes a political statement of events of the past and today (â€Å"FAQ†). What’s my point? Well, what has made the creator of this project, Tyree Guyton come into this neighborhood and do this? Art. He has a passion for art, and creatively applied it to his surroundings of what seemed like junk and ruins. Guyton had arts in his education and carried it with him in life. Not everybody has to develop some type of passion or love for the arts and make a career out of it, but some people do. Who would play music at events? Who would create music scores for your favorite video games and movies? Design your clothes and homes? Who would act out our favorite plays, movies and musicals? Sure, some people may not be into The Arts, and they may not be very good at it. But how will they be able to find out if they are not given the chance? The government wants to cut arts programs from public schools to ‘save money’ but it is not a wise action. Students will be less well rounded; will lack the advantage of developing specific problem solving and creative thinking skills, make students less motivated to attend school, and also gives them less of a chance to participate in something positive, prevents cultural renewal and hurts the economy more than helps it (Catherine 16). According to Ann Mary, individuals who have arts incorporated into their education end up being ‘more innovative thinkers’ (28). When students have some type of arts class, the tasks each person completes can usually be interpreted in multiple ways and can also be completed in a variety of ways. Even when playing a musical piece, certain parts are not played exactly as written. People can play based on their interpretation where it is available in the sheets. Also, many popular songs today are arranged for playing on musical instruments. Not all arrangements are the same. They may have minor differences, but they could be equally representative as a rendition of the song. Having this freedom in the creative thought process is important to have because in the real word, problems do not always have a specific and designed answer- they can have hundreds of possible solutions with thousands of ways of approaching them, or one solution with hundreds ways of approaching it. Students need to learn how to ‘think outside the box’. Students have also been proven to perform better in school when involved in arts programs (Benham 8). If the only thing left in schools is standardized testing, students will be harmed instead of helped. Standardized tests discourage any type of individual thinking or further thought on the subjects being studied by students because they are so focused on studying for the test and how it is formatted, what type of questions will be asked and which type of answers, how to decipher which is the trick answer and the obviously wrong; they take what they learn at face value and do not think twice of it or strive to learn more. It’s all about the tests, after all. When the tests are over, the information is forgotten like last seasons questionable latest fashion craze that is now replaced with an even more daring fad. Students are turned into one question, one answer, one method zombies that have nothing to receive from their education but black and white packets that determine their grade (Mary 29). School would become less enjoyable for students and they would be less motivated to attend, affecting their attendance (Catherine 17). Students that receive an arts education in school also have the advantage of being more well-rounded compared to students that go to school yet do not participate in any type of extra-curricular or elective type of classes at school. These art-involved students attract the attention of colleges more. Colleges will more likely accept and offer a scholarship to a student who is involved in music, art, or theater opposed to a student who is not involved in any activity. I know this firsthand by being told time and time again by a handful of different teachers and counselors. One of my close friends received a full-time scholarship for her time at college because of her good grades and the music and theater classes she participated in. she is now studying music. In New York, the mayor decided to cut funding for art programs that take place during and after school due to financial crisis (Taylor). This news was discouraging to parents and children and educators. The children who attend these classes most likely enjoy them and learn more than just how to paint or how to cry on spot. They make friends, learn how to work with different types of people, and discover the way things work. Someone may be participating in these activities to avoid going home to a dysfunctional family and take his/her mind off the troubles. Some find it relaxing and fun (Faraj). Some parents work till the evening and feel safer knowing that their child is engaged in a positive after school activity rather than possibly being involved in illegal or dangerous street activity. The individuals that teach these programs lose their jobs and also increase the unemployment rate which does not help the financial crisis. The government’s main reasoning behind the budget cuts is the lack of funds to continue supporting these programs. What the government does not realize is that this will lose money instead of save money (Catherine 16). The people who receive an arts education and decide to make a career out of it may start projects or businesses that pertain to what they do, and also generate more jobs for more people. This would make more tax dollars for the government and also help decrease the unemployment rate. Students that carry their arts education with them will use its benefits towards their career whether they are musicians, physicists, fashion designers, engineers, and more. Personally, I have always loved the arts, especially music. Whenever it is time for music class, I get excited. In elementary school, the class I learned the most in was music. In high school, I took piano class for two years, and even a semester of band. Piano class was the only class where I devoted the most of my efforts and time into that class and feel like I learned the most. When I took band, I learned that all of the concepts that I learned in while learning how to play piano could be applied to playing other instruments. I feel like I have benefited from learning music because it has helped me focus on a task and I learned not to give up right away. My band/piano teacher Mr. Guthre claims, â€Å"Music is the only thing a person can multitask with all while in time. You play a piece of music; think about what you are playing, what you will play next, what mistake you made, all while playing in ‘real ‘time (Guthre). Some people may not really remember their art, music, or theater classes aside from that weird painting they were shown that makes no sense at all, some old piece by Mozart that they learned about (ugh why am I learning this, its so old! ), or the ‘strange’ activities students had to participate to warm up to act out Shakespeare (yet another old guy that is centuries old, yawn), but it has still helped them subconsciously. And for those students that have stuck with anything art related, they will benefit and have the advantages of being well rounded, possessing creative thinking skills and also being able to work effectively in teams while having exceptional problem solving skills. Students will also be engaged in a positive and keeps them motivated overall. The arts are more important than they seem, and the government should reconsider where to make sacrifices to save money.

Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay

Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay Democracy is the most favorable form of government in todays world. Its being said that we all should work hand in hand in order to make decisions on certain political matters and that can only be made possible through participation which is voting. Our right to vote is guaranteed in Canada under section 3 of Charter of Rights and freedoms  [2]  but many people dont exercise this right. But if they had not been granted this right, they probably will feel offended and divested. Regardless of Section 3, Canadian voter turnout in recent years has been disappointing and not very reassuring. In past few decades, there has been a gradual decrease in voter turnout in Canada. Turnout has dropped significantly since 1988. In 2000, the turnout reached lowest mark ever but the record was further broken in 2008 federal elections  [3]  which raised eyebrows of all political parties and further raised questions and concerns whether Canadian democracy and the electoral system are effective enough. A number of scholars and political scientists argue that we need to bring in a new effective electoral system in order to increase voter turnout and government and policy makers have also commenced ways to improve Canadian democracy. This paper examines the voter turnout in past few decades, reasons for decrease in voter turnout, including cynicism and apathy of voters and various possible reforms in order to make Canadian democracy more effective. Voter turnout can be described as when registered voters vote and when registered voters marked a ballot during elections. It is calculated by dividing number of valid votes by registered electoral districts  [4]  . It doesnt count rejected ballots or spoiled ballots. Voter turnout is really important in determining peoples confidence and satisfaction with the government, political parties, and their policies. It is also a good sign of healthy democracy. High voter turnout legitimizes the governments authority over people. Voter turnout also reflects peoples interest in politics and decisions being made by political members on their behalf. It also shows civic literacy among people in regards to political issues. Increase in turnout will decrease inequality among social groups  [5]  . But the big story in news from past two decades is decrease in voter turnout. From 1945 to 1988 Canada has enjoyed high level of voter turnout  [6]  . Since 1988 it has decreased significant ly, with the lowest mark in 2008 federal elections. It was 75 % in 1988 compared to 64.7% in 2006 and 58 % in 2008  [7]  . Canada has enjoyed very high voter turnout until 1988. Voter turnout in Canada is low compared to other countries such as Australia, France, Germany, New Zealand and United Kingdom  [8]  . The questions that arises is why do some people vote and others dont enjoy this privilege. Why is it so low in Canada? This question has been a hot topic and central to many political scientists and political research  [9]  . Possible Causes This can be due to cynicism and apathy of people. People are very pessimistic about what government does and there is an absence of enthusiasm in people. Recent studies argue that voters felt cynical, disappointed, dissatisfied and there was a sense of disempowerment. People think that government wastes a lot of time and money rather than making right choices for common good. Its bureaucracy and decisions are made by bureaucrats. They make decisions based on their own interests. Politicians are dishonest, self-centered, unaccountable, lack integrity and accomplish very little  [10]  . Lots of research has been done on this particular topic by various authors, political scientists and agencies but no specific or static reasons were explained or they are yet to be revealed. Each study revealed different aspects, different reasons and circumstances for low voter turnout. Lots of those studies revealed variables independent of cynicism and apathy of voters. There are lots of other possible causes for lower voter turnouts. These factors range from personal reasons to age and gender. Voters lack of involvement because of disinterest in elections is one of the main causes of low voter turnout  [11]  . They usually think that their votes are meaningless and hence will not make any difference if they dont vote. But people seem to have forgotten that every vote counts and every vote makes a difference. That being said, one of the reasons behind this thinking is that government usually proposes referendums during elections and these referendums reflects a change or propo ses a particular constitutional measure. A good example would be Charlottetown Accord, 1992  [12]  . People who are not involved in voting are unaware of these referendums and hence delay all the changes that would have otherwise been considered as positive changes. Also people are less likely to find the parties, their policies, candidates and appealing leaders  [13]  . Every party proposes few legislations and policies that they will implement after they have been choosen. Reason why people dont find these policies appealing is because those policies dont meet their expectations and totally meaningless to them. People also dont find their leaders charismatic. If we look at the census, Liberal party has made majority government most of the times. Liberals had some exceptional leaders such as Sir Wilfrid Laurier, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Lester B. Pearson, Pierre Trudeau, Jean Chretien and these leaders have had charisma. They attracted people towards them because the po licies they discussed before elections, implemented most of them  [14]  . Current government has been criticized by everyone for not coming up with strategies to fight economic deficit and fighting recession. Action plan was developed but it did not have much impact  [15]  . Another reason that can be considered responsible for low voter turnout is personal or administrative components of voters life  [16]  . Voting usually takes place during daytime and weekdays. Most people go to work or school or are unable to vote due to various personal problems. Sometimes, their electoral district is too far from work and they are unable to vote. A lot of people are also preoccupied with their families, kids and other family responsibilities after hours and are unable to go down to their constituency and vote. In conclusion, these reasons could be the few basic reasons that led to decline in voter turnout. There are few other controversial reasons which affects voter turnout. Timing is considered one of them. It has been said that people are usually away during summer time on vacation and winter weather conditions can deter participation. It also explains cross sectional variations. Weather conditions do have an effect on voter turnout  [17]  whereas statistics Canada doesnt provide any such evidence. Also none of the other studies provide any evidence for this argument with further research. Elections have been conducted at various days, various months  [18]  . Television and turnout is another controversial reason but there hasnt been much debate on this particular topic. It has been said that TV is a revolution in democracy and it gives people clear understanding of trends and issues but it has reduced voter turnout. TV has reduced radios efficiency which is really effective in rural areas  [19]  .People use their leisure time in watching TV rather than listening to poli tical agendas on radio. They spend more time in entertainment as opposed to focusing on informative aspects  [20]  . No other studies provide such evidence. Socio-economic characteristics also affect voter turnout. Turnout is high in advanced countries. Advanced countries are more likely to participate in their countries matter and decisions  [21]  . Other factors include changing times and values, religion, long authority of one political party, political disaffection, gender, education, origin etc  [22]  23. Lower Youth Participation and Enhancement Even though these factors play significant role in voter turnout but not all political scientists and scholars agree on them. They all seem to agree on two main reasons that have a huge impact on voter turnout in past as well as in recent elections and these reasons are youth electoral engagement and Canadian Electoral System. Less participation of youth or apathy among youth can be a possible reason as discussed by many political scientists  [24]  . Politicians and government are concerned about why young people dont participate in elections or if they do, why their turnout is so low as compared to other age groups. The turnout between age group of 18 to 24 is still relatively small. Knowing that fact that it has been decreasing, actual reasons behind this are still foggy and poorly understood. In 2008 federal elections total turnout was 58.8% and lowest turnout was among age group of 18-24 with 37.4%  [25]  . Youth in Canada dont involve themselves in Canadian Politics. Mor e research needs to be done to find out what motivates young people. Centre for Information and Research on Canada, at one instance mentioned: Many young adults are highly mobile, and so less rooted in their communities and less aware of community needs and issues. For these reasons, they are likely to be less interested in elections. But as they grow old, it generally assumed that they will become more likely to vote  [26]   But politicians and government arent that optimistic as young voters are moving away from politics. This can be determined by looking at enrollment of student in Political Science courses at University level. It has been gradually declining  [27]  . Youth must be encouraged to participate in elections. Young voters tendency to vote needs to be understood. Also Canadian leaders or parties should directly address Canadian youth during elections  [28]  . Seminars or multimedia campaigns should be conducted for young people to educate them and make them more aware of Canadian political system and how to participate in it. Round table discussions in colleges and universities would be an effective step in civic literacy of youth and parents must discuss politics with their children at home and it will definitely enhance their politics skills. Also students must stay in school and schools should offer political science courses or make them mandatory or compulsory  [29]  . New experiments and tests needs to be designed to increase voter turnout not just among youth but overall population  [30]  . We need to give profound consideration to Canadian youth and their needs. Much needs be done in order to over come this matter. Electoral System and Possible Reforms Although electoral system is not the sole problem for low voter turnout, it has been blamed primarily for citizens apathy and cynicism. Canadas current electoral system is based on single member plurality or most commonly known as First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) at federal, provincial and municipal level. In this system, a single individual is elected from a riding to represent citizens of that electoral district. Member who receives most votes becomes Member of Parliament. There has been an ongoing debate on whether Canadian electoral system should be changed. Advocates of this system argue that it produces stable majority government  [31]  whereas other political scientists argue that we need new system as it is outdated. There have been lots of problems with current Canadian electoral system including: regional polarization, fairness, under-representation of women, democratic alteration  [32]  . Once again, advocates replied by saying that there is no solution to regionalism as population is sparsely divided in provinces. There is not much that government or political parties can do in order to overcome that unequal distribution of population. Arguments were also made on proportional representation electoral system by saying that it can create unsought results such as political fragmentation, coalition or minority governments, cabinet instability etc. They further mentioned that theres no guarantee that voter turnout will go up if Canada introduces new electoral system and also its not going to have any effect on representation  [33]  . Survey was conducted by Elections Canada to find out whether people are satisfied with current electoral system. There werent too many variations in the results i.e. on one hand people want to give up current electoral system and at the same time try proportional representation system  [34]  . In recent years, electoral reform proponents are willing to introduce Proportional Representation in Canada. It is a primary substitute to Single Member Plurality  [35]  . According to this system, each member will get his/her share or a seat based on shares of votes they get, regardless of whether they get highest number of votes or lowest number of votes. This will give a fair and equal chance to all the members who are riding for that constituency. Also voters wouldnt think that their votes are meaningless. They get to choose member of their choice. Proportional Representation has two categories: List System and Single Transferrable Vote  [36]  . Buy as usual; Proportional Representation has its critics. Critics argue that this will create many small new parties within the legislature, will produce unstable government by giving an opportunity to radical parties to represent themselves and not all constituencies will be covered  [37]  . Most democracies in world today use Proportional Representation. Voter turnout level is beyond exception in countries that are practicing proportional representation. It has been widely considered that Proportional Representation will have a huge impact on Canadian political system which includes more representative parliament, reduction of regional polarization, no single party majority governments; equal representation of all members from various constituencies, Prime Minister will have less power, federal and provincial balance  [38]  . Research has also demonstrated that Proportional Representation will lead to high turnout  [39]  . Provinces such as British Columbia, Ontario, New Brunswick have considered this option and have taken appropriate steps to introduce this system among community members. Ontario also introduced Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) System which can also be as another alternative to our current electoral system. Mixed Member Proportionality is mixtur e of local elected districts member and members elected on provincial level from party list. It gives options to people to choose two members at same time, one from party and second a local candidate. It will create stable parties, equal representation, fair election results, accountability; stronger voter participation etc  [40]  .Alternative vote can also go hand in hand with Proportional Representation. Under alternative vote people have to rank the candidates based on their preference and candidate much receive 50% vote and candidates will lower number of votes are automatically dropped out. Hence number of votes goes up and number of candidates goes down  [41]  . Electronic Voting is another big alternative that can replace our current electoral system. Surveys conducted have demonstrated that Canadians favor internet voting, especially youth. All provinces have high approval rate. It has been considered the best method to increase voter turnout, even better than Proportional Representation  [42]  . Another surveys conducted by Toronto Star have revealed high approval rate  [43]  . It will be a lot easier for people to vote online and very reliable. It will solve the problem of those people who cant make it to their electoral districts on voting day. People can regularly provide feedback through surveys about government policies at federal, provincial and municipal levels. Critics argue that internet voting will create legal concerns. Research issues can also lead to failure of this internet voting. In addition, security issues can come into play and resolving these security issues can put extra burden on the budget as it will cost lo st of money  [44]  .Another concern with this is people who are computer illiterate, or people who doesnt have access to computers but the Government is planning to test this system by 2013. Compulsory Voting or Mandatory Voting could be another alternative. In this system, all voters must register and obliged show up on voting day. They still have the choice of not to vote. Fines or other sanctions will be imposed if they dont show up. Many advanced democracies are using mandatory voting such as Australia, Belgium, and Brazil. Voter turnout is very high in these countries. Proponents of this system argue that this will increase voter turnout, election campaigns can focus more on issue rather than teaching people about electoral system. This can also enhance peoples participation in political process other than voting  [45]  . Compulsory voting critics argue that people will vote just for the sake of voting. This will not express their opinions. It is an undemocratic way to vote and it infringes their charter rights under section 3. Majority of Canadians are against this voting system. Penalties can be expensive for people who cannot afford to pay. It also doesnt add ress questions of low voter turnout and civic literacy among citizens  [46]  . Lots of different proposals have been discussed by various political scientists which includes civic literacy among people. People should be taught about politics. It can be done through media. Countries with high civic literacy have high voter turnout  [47]  . Other proposals say that Permanent Residents should be allowed to vote as they make good amount of Canadian population. Being Permanent Resident, they cannot do certain things and voting is one of them. Critics argue that this infringe section 3 or charter of rights and freedoms and keeps valuable and experienced people away from participation which further declines their interest in politics  [48]  . More opportunities for peoples participation in politics should be developed. Diversity should be increased i.e. women and visible minorities. Government should also keep citizens demands in mind and should work on them. Public opinion surveys should be conducted each year to find out satisfaction in government. Public op inion and overall good should be preferred while making diplomatic decisions. Conclusion Voter turnout has been decreasing. Efforts are being to find out the reasons behind it. Different authors, scholars, political scientists use different opinions and views to explain this trend. We must change low voter turnout trend and electoral reform could be a revolutionary idea. Canadian democracy must be improved by putting more emphasis on citizens needs. People should be encouraged to engage in politics through civic literacy. Reforms are not yet being implemented but theres a good chance that they will be looked upon and tested in future. As Canadians, its upto us whether we want to see a change. Research is yet being conducted to reveal what underlies beneath, offer practical solutions and overcome this problem.

Aphrodite Essay -- essays research papers

HEPHAESTUS AND APHRODITE APHRODITE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aphrodite is one of the most famous figures of Greek mythology. Because Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexual rapture,1 she was desired by nearly all of the Greek gods. Aphrodite was one of the twelve main gods on Mt. Olympus,2 and she was the most powerful goddess when it came to members of the opposite sex. THE BIRTH OF APHRODITE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many origins to Aphrodite's birth. Some of them are: 1) She arose full-grown out of the foam of the sea, 2) She is the daughter of Zeus and Dionne, 3) She is the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, which would make her a Titaness, or 4) She is the daughter of Titans Oceanus and Tethys, making her an Oceanid.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most common origin of her birth is her being foam-born, which is what her name means. This origin says that Aphrodite arose nude and full-grown out of the foam of the sea and riding into the shore of Cythera on a scallop shell. She found Cythera to be too small of an island, so she went to live in Paphos, in Cyprus, which is still the principal seat of her worship.4 THE MYTH OF APHRODITE AND HEPHAESTUS AND ARES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty, she had a magic girdle that she wore that made everyone fall in love with her. She could hardly ever be persuaded to lend it to anyone. Since Aphrodite had the magic girdle and was so beautiful, all of the gods fell in love with her.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the goddesses were jealous of Aphrodite because all of the gods loved her instead of the other goddesses. Because of this, Zeus arranged a marriage for her with Hephaestus, the lame smith-god.5 Aphrodite didn't really mind this marriage arrangement, though, because she thought Hephaestus would never notice her having marital affairs.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hephaestus knew nothing of deception until, one night, he caught his wife and Ares, the god of war, making love at Ares' home. Hephaestus went back to his home very angry.7 Hephaestus was so angry that he decided to get revenge on Aphrodite by literally catching the while they were making love. He got out a bronze hunting-net and attached to the posts and sides of the bed. He told Aphrodite ... ...ympus. His plan backfired on him though, actually revealing himself as someone who was attempting to retain the love and devotion from his wife.25   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that Hephaestus had embarrassed himself in front of all of the gods, Hephaestus became unhappy in his marriage to Aphrodite. He lost all interest in her and turned his attention to Athena who, like Aphrodite, was not in love with him. Hephaestus fell in love with Athena when she came to him for a spear. When he tried to initiate intercourse, she rejected him.26 HEPHAESTUS AND APHRODITE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Hephaestus and Aphrodite are powerful and popular figures of Greek mythology. They did many great, and maybe not so great, things during their lifetimes that are still remembered today. They were both main gods on Mt. Olympus. They may have not had many great times with each other according to myth, but they were still significant gods who had great lives. Many people use both of these gods to relate to things today, and they will be remembered for years and years to come. Their characters in Greek mythology are very significant and they will not be forgotten anytime soon.

Oppenheimer And The Atomic Bomb Essay -- essays research papers

Julius Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer was a brilliant physicist and known as the †Father of the Atomic Bomb†. A charismatic leader of rare good qualities and commonplace flaws, Oppenheimer brought an uncommon sensibility to research, teaching, and government science. After help creating the atomic bomb with the Manhattan Project he was banned from the U.S. Government during the McCarthy Trials. He opposed the idea of stockpiling nuclear weapons and was deemed a security risk. Oppenheimer’s life reveals the conflict between war, science and how politics collided in the 1940’s through the 1960’s. His case became a cause "celebre" in the world of science because of its implications concerning political and moral issues relating to the role of scientists in government. Oppenheimer, the son of German immigrants, who had made their fortune in textiles, had the resources available in his family to further his education at a young age. At age ten Oppenheimer's grandfather brought him some rocks to identify and as a result Oppenheimer became very interested in geology. This led him to study other sciences at a young age. By age six he had the vocabulary of an adult. He could speak well and understood the meanings of the words and where they came from. He excelled in mathematics and was computing numbers at a high school rate while in the second grade. People referred to him as a boy genius. Oppenheimer was from a Jewish family who did not believe in the Orthodox ways. They had no temple affiliation, but did attend the Felix Alder Ethical School during grade school until high school. This school shaped many of Oppenheimer’s ideas regarding morality and political views that would later affect his life. He studied at Harvard and was good in the classics, such as Latin, Greek, chemistry and Physics. He had published works in poetry and studied Oriental philosophy. He graduated in 1925, it took him only three years, and went to England to do research at Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. He didn’t like it there and left at the end of 1925. A man named Max Born asked him to attend Gottingen University where he met prominent European physicists. Oppenheimer studied quantum mechanics in Europe in the 1920s. He learned from Ernest Rutherford, one of the pioneers of atomic theory; and from Werner Heisenberg and Pau... ... Education: An Introduction to Social and Political Aspects. 4th ed. New York & London: Longman, Inc., 1989. Stern, Phillip M. The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial. New York, Evanston, and London: Harper & Row, 1969. Taylor, Telford. Grand Inquest: The Story of Congressional Investigations. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955. Thayer, H, S. "Pragmatism." Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed, Paul Edwards. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Tobey, Ronald C, Horus Gets In Gear: A Beginner's Guide to Research in the History of Science. 2nd revised ed., Riverside: Department of History, University of California - Riverside, 1990, United States Atomic Energy Commission. In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: Transcript of the Hearing before Personnel Security Board and Texts of Principal Documents and Letters. Foreword by Philip M. Stern. Cambridge and London: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1970, Wilde, Norman, "Ethics." Book review. The Journal of Philosophy. Psychology. and Scientific Methods, 5 (November 5, 1908), 636-639. York, Herbert F. The Advisors: Oppenheimer, Teller and the Superbomb. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1976.

Advantages and Cost of Adoption in Australia of International Financial Reporting Standards Essay

The issue of adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRSS) in Australia has been controversial issue since the first time Australian Financial Reporting council (FRC) announced the policy in 2002. Many believe that IFRSS adoption will lead to great advantages such as enhance financial report comparability, improve quality of financial reporting, attract more foreign investor, and other significant advantages. However, some also believe that the adoption merely result in disadvantages and cost for Australian business, accounting profession and even Australian government. Before deciding to fully adopt IFRSS, in 1996, the AASB issued Policy Statement 6 International Harmonization Policy with objective to ‘pursue the development of an internationally accepted set of accounting standards which can be adapted in Australia’. There were several considerations why government decided to do so: 1. ‘The existing arrangements for accounting standard setting are confusing, inefficient and not conductive to stakeholder participation 2. There is duplication between the AASB and PSASB 3. Australian Accounting Standards are not understood in, and are out of step with, the major capital markets in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Europe, resulting in higher costs of capital for Australian Business 4. The standards setting process is perceived to be dominated by the accounting profession and there is no real accountability to its users 5. Accounting standards do not reflect modern business practice, being too prescriptive and overly technical that imposing excessive costs on business 6. The process involved in standard setting have failed to attract broad input and the necessary level of financial support, with the result that accounting standards are not meeting the demands of constituents’ (CLERP 1997, pp. 11-12, cited from Pickeet. al, 2006). Despite those reasons, IFRSS adoption is promoted because several claimed benefits potentially arising from the policy especially for Australian Business. The most claimed benefit is attracting foreign investors due to lowering cost of capital. Cost of capital can be decreased because IFRSS adoption can diminish ‘premiums associated with the risk of not fully understanding the financial report’ (Collet et. al, 2001, cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. ). Another hypothesis is that IFRSS adoption can reduce ‘home bias’ that discourage investors from making cross border investment. One of factors contributing to home bias itself is the expensive cost of information about foreign investment (Kang and Stulsz, 1997 cited from Cofrig,V. M. , Defond, M. L. , & Hung, M. , 2007). By adopting IFRSS, it is hoped that information about foreign investment can be easily obtained and understood because it is generated from universal standards that are more familiar for investors. In addition, high accounting quality, transparency and comparability are commonly associated with financial reporting produced based on IFRSS that is internationally recognized and represent worldwide best practices. Those attributes alleviate ‘information asymmetries between managers and outside investors, thus increasing liquidity and ultimately lowering the required rate of return’ (Diamond and Verrecchia, 1991, cited from Daske, Holger, 2006). Association between higher accounting quality and IAS/IFRSS itself has been examined by Barth,M. E. , Landsman, W. R. , & Lang, Mark H. in 2008. They investigate firms from 21 countries that applied IAS and found that those firms generally ‘evidence less earnings management, more timely loss recognition and more value relevance of accounting amounts’. It has been suggested that IFRSS adoption benefits Australian business trough saving in reporting costs. This benefit especially applies for Australian Business that wants to list their stocks in other countries’ stock exchanges. It is obligation for companies to fulfill specific different requirement regarding financial reporting of each countries where the companies are listed. By adopting IFRSS, companies do not need to generate more than one set of financial reports to comply different requirement and regulation. It is also easier for multinational companies to consolidate their financial statement, thus it saves time and money. Beside easy consolidation, IFRSS adoption also simplifies appraisal process of companies to takeover or merger with overseas enterprises and improves management control due to increased comparability internal management report between different segments or branches. For multinational companies, it will ease transfer of accounting staff across countries as well (Uddin, M. S. , 2005). Furthermore, a reduction in audit cost might be experienced by companies, because adoption of global standards (IFRSS) merely require global audit tandards, tools or systems that usually cheaper than specific products or services. This audit commoditization will close the expertise gap between the big five and force them to reduce audit fee. (Perera et. al, 2003,cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. ). For Australian government, fully adopting IFRSS is highly likely result in cost saving because the government does not need to spend money for AASB. It is evidence that Australian government spent huge amount of money for domestic accounting standards formulation. Another advantage is that the government can ‘distance itself from any future corporate collapses, which tend to raise questions about the role of accounting and the quality of accounting standards in such incidents’ (ibid). Take example of HIH collapse. Furthermore, it can avoid miscalculation of investors’ tax liability, particularly tax related to income from overseas sources accepted by multinational companies (Uddin, M. S. , 2005) (global acceptance). Despite cost saving, IFRSS adoption might also increase overseas companies listing in the ASX (Haswell & McKinnon, 2003, cited from Gerhardy, P.G. , n. d. ). It also retains Australian companies listed on ASX. It is argument of Stoddart (1999, cited from McCombie, K. ,n. d. ) that ASX’s rigorous support on full adoption of IFRS is due to ASX’s ambition to become ‘the main exchange in the Pacific Rim’. Despite those enormous advantages, it has been argued that IFRSS adoption lead to significant costs. The main argument is that IFRSs do not consider local needs and priorities as every country has their own ‘business environment, legal systems, cultures, language and political environment’ (Henderson and Peirson, 2000 cited from Malthus, S. 2004). However, to overcome this problem, IASB can accommodate flexible reporting standards that enable companies to choose alternatives that are more suitable for their external condition. It is opinion of some opponents of IFRS adoption that IAS is ‘insufficiently detailed’ (Uddin,M. S. , 2005, p. 4) that require accountants’ and auditorâ€℠¢ professional judgment. However, overly detail might be contra productive and not flexible in anticipating every changes and differences. Education for stakeholders related to changes in financial statement is considered as significant as well. In a way, companies have obligation to ensure these users understand the changes. Companies also need to provide education and training for staff to adapt changes from preparing account using national standards to international standards. Since changes not only affect external reporting system, but also internal reporting such as budgeting system, this training might require huge amount of money. Often, companies need external experts in anticipating the changes such as actuaries and valuation experts that also need a lot of spending. However, this transition cost is only initial investment that is short term; the cost will be diminishing once companies have already been stable with the new systems. Learning from UK, based on a survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers, majority companies in the UK suggested that transition from local accounting standards to international standards would not require high costs (Malthus, S. , 2004). Coming to the accounting profession, it has been argued that IFRS adoption also bear costs due to the policy. Those costs might come from the need to re educate members of the accounting profession itself. However, this argument is questionable because as a profession, accountants should improve their capabilities by ongoing training and education no matter what. Negative impacts of adoption of IFRS on rule makers such as Federal government and AASB have been public’s concern as well. Regarding federal government, it is argued that support devoted by federal government for IFRS adoption (Brown and Tarca, 2005) might put government ‘under political pressure not to impose rules on Australian companies that are inconsistent with those applied to companies in other countries’. In term of AASB, adoption of IFRSs raised questions about the role of the body. By adopting IFRS that replace local standards, AASB might lose its status and role. This loss arguably hurt nation’s sovereignty because Australia somehow is ‘one of the world’s leading authorities on accounting’ (Haswell and McKinnon, 2003 cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. , p. 24). AASB might also have limited influence on the standards formulation process under IASB, thus Australia’s interest and relevant environment might not be covered by international standards. However, this costs can be diminished as suggested by Carrol (2003d, cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. , p. 75) ‘that if Australia is to ensure that future standards developed by the IASB are relevant to the Australian environment it is necessary that Australia is positioned ‘as an influential leader in the international business environment’’. Having considered both advantages and costs, I would argue that benefit arising from IFRS adoption will be in the longer term worth the effort. The main reason for that is huge economic benefit arises from the IFRS adoption. On the surface, economic benefit is merely enjoyed by multinational companies and investors. However, it will trigger Australian economy development because multinational companies represent greater percentage of Australian economy sources that absorb high number of employment. Small medium companies (SME) that is argued might become parties bearing most cost will benefit from multinational companies as a business partners such as supplier, particularly if Australia promote specific regulation to encourage the mutual partnership. This will be domino effect that boost another sectors, thus benefit whole community. In addition, education cost that is claimed as significant cost only borne for short term and will be diminished in the long term. Education and training itself is inseparable part of accounting as a profession that need ongoing training to enhance capability and professionalism. The last reason is that IFRS adoption might be inevitable due to globalization that diminish border across nations and increase interdependency between nations.